Animal Chiropractic Module 4 – Extremities Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Severe abduction of the forelimb with non-weight bearing and dragged limbs when moved most likely indicates what?
• Which weight-bearing joint in a quadruped is frequently the focus of limb adjustments for athletic animals?
• Which distal forelimb bone lies most distal to the carpal bones?
• The stay apparatus transfers weight from the muscle to the ______ that do not fatigue.
• Ossification of collateral cartilages of the third phalanx is known as which condition?
• The hoof should be cleaned/picked out how often?
• True or False: The clavicle is absent in dogs.
• What is the clinical importance of limb symmetry?
• Which phrase describes a common description of bits mentioned as a pair?
• Name two common degenerative conditions affecting the canine stifle seen in practice.
• What is the most common injury of the stifle joint in dogs?
• What percentage of all front limb lameness originates in the foot?
• Which structure suspends the coffin bone within the hoof like velcro?
• The deep digital flexor tendon is associated with which structure that limits its motion?
• When standing, the horse elbow is fixed at approximately how many degrees?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is characterized by which feature?
• End-feel assessment in ROM testing helps determine what?
• What is the name of the strap placed between the girth and nosepiece to steady the horse's head?
• Which hoof tissue is considered sensitive?
• Which hoof abnormality shows asymmetry between medial and lateral heel bulbs?
• What is the purpose of joint stability tests during an extremity exam?
• Which statement best describes the hind limb's movements beyond simple flexion and extension?
• An injury that can be caused as the nerve crosses the cranial border of the scapula and leads to atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus is which nerve?
• Which tendon is primarily involved with suspending the fetlock when paired with the superior check ligament?
• Which description best defines a thrust adjustment?
• How does muscle tension influence joint mobility in the extremities?
• Which joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic for the forelimb and hindlimb?
• Equines have a stay apparatus.
• The knee of a horse is a ______ joint.
• In the canine forelimb, which bone is vestigial?
• What is the primary movement of the stifle joint in the horse?
• Which option lists the two main bit categories?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• What should documentation and planning after the extremity examination include?
• Which term is synonymous with the middle carpal joints (carpometacarpal region)?
• In the forelimb, which joints are typically targeted during chiropractic adjustments?
• Upward fixation of the patella is characterized by locking of which structure over which location, and what is the resulting gait?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• The hoof should be trimmed and/or shoed every how many weeks?
• Which structure runs from behind the carpal bones and around the fetlock joint, forming two branches to either side of the pastern, and flexes the fetlock and pastern while stabilizing the carpus?
• Which nerve is commonly implicated in forelimb peripheral nerve problems causing severe abduction?
• How would you document a proprioceptive deficit?
• In torn cartilage, which description best fits swelling?
• During ROM assessment, what should be noted?
• Which bone forms the proximal articulation of the canine hindlimb with the spine?
• How can limb adjustments influence athletic performance?
• What is a proprioceptive placing test?
• Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to limb adjustment?
• Which description accurately reflects the stifle joint's extension in the horse?
• Which statement best describes the overall function of the stay apparatus?
• Outline the typical sequence of steps for a comprehensive extremity examination.
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine forelimb from proximal to distal?
• Which tendon forms two branches to either side of the pastern and flexes the fetlock and pastern?
• During limb adjustments on sedated animals, what safety monitoring is essential?
• Canines have a stay apparatus.
• Grade 1 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• The hard, horny outer layer of the covering of the digit in ungulates is the hoof wall.
• Which condition is most commonly seen in toy and miniature breeds?
• Which forelimb nerve injury commonly causes a dropped elbow?
• Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting flexion in the horse's limb?
• How do acute injuries differ from chronic degenerative changes in presentation?
• How would you manage a limb with mild crepitus but normal ROM?
• Which muscles function as the collateral ligaments of the shoulder girdle in a horse?
• The stay apparatus permits standing with a minimum of _____________.
• The function of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type of motion?
• If imaging is used to supplement radiographs, which modality may be employed?
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the horse?
• Are supination and pronation possible in equine species?
• Which component helps identify functional impairment during movement?
• What are safe handling practices for restraining a patient during limb work?
• Which of the following is listed as an external cause of laminitis?
• Which species has a stay apparatus?
• Which statement about cavassans is true?
• Elbow dysplasia involves an ulna trochlear notch too small to encompass the humeral trochlea. Which three forms are recognized?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly addressed in equine chiropractic?
• How do you evaluate a limb's range of motion during a clinical exam?
• Which common hoof abnormality is a bacterial/fungal infection usually caused by environmental conditions and presents with stinky black exudate around the frog?
• Which tendon is paired with the inferior check ligament to suspend the fetlock?
• Which result would most likely indicate improved neuromuscular control after a limb adjustment?
• Which orthopedic condition is described as a nonpainful lesion that may heal through restoration of ossification?
• Osteochondrosis is often seen in which age group of horses?
• Tearing the insertion of semitendinosus with inflammatory processes or neuropathy is most closely described by which pathology?
• What are indicators of distress to monitor during limb work?
• In Bit Basics, what term describes a rope halter used to break horses into wearing a bridle?
• Which statement best describes focal joint subluxation on palpation?
• Laminae become inflamed, degenerate, and fail to suspend P3 within the hoof; P3 can rotate away and sink; most commonly observed in both front feet. Which condition is described?
• Which bone is the cannon bone in the equine forelimb?
• Shape of the front hoof?
• End feel is the resistance at the end of ROM. Which three end feels are typically described in limb joints?
• What is the function of the accessory carpal bone of the equine species?
• Which structure is essential for the carpal tunnel to exist in the equine carpus?
• Elbow dysplasia has three forms: ununited Anconeal Process, Medial Coronoid Disease, and which other condition?
• Where are most hind limb lamenesses located in horses?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL. Which option states this pairing?
• Which finding would prompt immediate re-evaluation or diagnostic imaging for fracture suspicion during limb assessment?
• Windpuffs/wind galls are characterized by
• Traditionally, how many bit sizes are there?
• What is a red flag you might notice on visual inspection during a limb exam?
• Which condition is associated with outward rotation of the forefeet on standing?
• Crosses the navicular bone and attaches to the underside of the coffin bone and has a check ligament?
• What are the main stabilizing ligaments of the elbow?
• Navicular disease is described as chronic, often bilateral progressive degenerative disease with unknown cause and signs including shortened forelimb stride, stumbling, pointing of foot, toe-first landing, and shifting leg lameness.
• Name the two primary carpal joints evaluated in the forelimb.
• The coffin joint's primary motion is flexion/extension with a lot of rotation. Which statement fits this description?
• What is the difference between a joint mobilization and a thrust adjustment?
• Which hoof abnormality is most commonly associated with environmental infections and presents with a foul odor around the frog?
• What information should you document after an extremity adjustment?
• The longer the shank, the is it more aggressive or less?
• The proximal phalanx is commonly known as which of the following?
• Describe a basic carpal distraction mobilization technique.
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• The structure of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type?
• What is the significance of the accessory carpal bone in chiropractic evaluation?
• Hock osteoarthritis is often positive to which test?
• Lameness grading ranges from which two values?
• In lameness grading, which grade corresponds to nonweight bearing lameness at the walk or at rest?
• What is the role of soft tissue structures in joint stability during limb movement?
• Which of the following best describes navicular disease signs?
• Which large animal extremity pathology is characterized by a shortened cranial swing phase with abrupt catching of the limb during forward swing, along with tearing the insertion of semitendinosus?
• Subluxation Basics describe a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action. What term is used for this concept?
• Which hoof structure is non-sensitive?
• Which bone is the proximal phalanx in the equine forelimb also known as?
• Where are most front limb lamenesses located in horses?
• How do you differentiate a focal joint subluxation from a soft-tissue restriction on palpation?
• The accessory carpal bone forms carpal tunnel. Which choice best expresses this?
• What are the two main categories for bits?
• Which hind limb pathology is most closely associated with hind limb spasms and tail raising, distinct from stringhalt?
• Which self-limiting disease of long bones affects large breeds aged 5 to 18 months and causes shifting leg lameness?
• Why is patient selection important in extremity chiropractic?
• Which statement best describes the primary movement of the hind limb in the horse?
• Grade 2 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• Which muscle forms the sling that suspends the thorax between the forelimbs in a horse?
• Which hoof abnormality involves inflammatory damage causing rotation and sinking of the coffin bone within the hoof?
• Why is differentiation between lameness and locomotor ataxia important in some species?
• True or False: Supination and pronation are possible in equine species?
• How does limb asymmetry influence spinal biomechanics in mammals?
• Which condition involves separation of the hoof wall from the laminar attachments at the white line, creating a cavity that harbors infection?
• How would you describe limb kinematic coupling in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• Which condition is present at birth due to uterine malposition or teratogenic exposure and is a common cause of dystocia?
• Which condition describes an error in the way cartilage is converted to bone during growth, with cartilage cells that proliferate but do not mature?
• How would a peripheral neuropathy influence extremity treatment planning?
• Which of the following constitutes two signs of acute limb injury requiring rest and reevaluation?
• What is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane?
• Which term describes an event where a nail from a horseshoe penetrates the hoof, potentially causing an abscess?
• In torn ligaments, which statement best describes swelling?
• How would you reassess progress after an extremity adjustment?
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine hindlimb from proximal to distal?
• What term describes the interacting muscles, tendons, and ligaments that stabilize the limb joints in the standing position?
• The varnishlike coating that holds moisture in the hoof and protects the hoof wall is called the periople.
• True or False: In dogs, the clavicle attaches the forelimb to the trunk.
• The pastern joints' primary motion is flexion/extension, with a small amount of rotation. Which option matches this description?
• Cavassans are sometimes used on horses to control the amount of what?
• Which cartilage-related condition has suspected links to genetic and nutritional factors?
• Cavassans are commonly used on which horses, and what is a potential airway effect?
• Which of the following are contraindications to limb adjustment?
• Which statement about documenting proprioception findings is correct?
• Why might you use protective pads during limb manipulations in large animals?
• Which description applies to grade 4 club feet?
• During a declaw procedure, which bone is removed?
• The stay apparatus is a passive ______ system.
• The radius and ulna of equine species function as which type of joint?
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the dog?
• Which pathology is described by hind limb myoclonic spasms with overflexion and tail raising, and is associated with neuropathy or myopathy?
• What is the V-shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof called?
• Which hoof abnormality is caused by flexor contraction?
• Grade 3 club foot is defined by which feature?
• The stay apparatus is estimated to save up to ___% of energy.
• What is a consideration when performing limb adjustments on a sedated animal?
• Acute tearing and avulsion of the interosseous ligament with inflammation between the medial splint and cannon bone results in which condition?
• The coffin bone is another name for which anatomical structure?
• Which condition describes cartilage failing to ossify into bone, often seen in young rapidly growing horses, with non-painful lesions and potential healing?
• Popped splints classically present with which finding?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL.
• What is the primary function of the carpus and fetlock joints?
• Which ligament's primary function is to limit flexion in the horse?
• The junction between the skin and the horn of the hoof is called the coronary band (coronet).
• How does the stay apparatus contribute to energy conservation during standing?
• Radius and ulna form which joint in the horse?
• Name two common postural compensations seen with hindlimb lameness.
• In medium to large dogs with acute or chronic lameness that crosses the shoulder joint cranio-medially, which inflammatory condition is most likely?
• In peripheral nerve injuries, which nerve is most frequently associated with brachial plexus injury?
• During stride length, the hind hoof typically reaches up into which feature of the front hoof?
• The heel should be brought back to which area of the frog?
• Which bone forms the proximal attachment for the hindlimb with the pelvis?
• What is proprioception and why test it in extremity exams?
• A line bisecting which part of the hoof would leave more hoof toward the heel than the toe?
• The statement 'longer shank equals more aggressive' is consistent with which option?
• Which hoof abnormality occurs when a nail from a horseshoe enters sensitive structures of the hoof wall and can lead to abscess?
• Why is muscle palpation included in extremity examinations?
• Which grade of club feet is defined as heavily dished anterior hoof wall angle 80 degrees or more?
• Sidebone is ossification of which structures?
• What is the inflammatory condition of the proximal sesamoid bones called?
• What is the concept of neural conduction in limb adjustments?
• What is the term for osteoarthritis of the proximal, middle, or distal phalanx due to periostitis, with high involvement around the pastern and low around the coffin?
• Which information is NOT typically documented after an extremity adjustment?
• Which radiographic signs indicate bone remodeling due to chronic stress?
• In young dogs, fissure formation between thickened cartilage and subchondral bone with the shoulder most often affected describes which condition?
• What should you monitor regarding respiration during limb adjustments in mammals?
• The hock is comprised of how many joints?
• Which condition presents with exaggerated upward flexion of the hind leg at every walk stride and spasmodic over flexion of the hind limbs?
• Define 'palpatory pain threshold' in the limb exam.
• Which structure holds the hoof to the underlying corium?
• Which condition is most common in toy and miniature breeds and is graded 0 to 4, with medial involvement more common?
• What is the role of home-care instructions after extremity adjustments?
• Which condition is a faulty development of the hip with laxity that leads to a shallow acetabulum and osteoarthritis, often described with a bunny hop?
• What term best describes a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action?
• Which abnormality is described as broken forward pastern?
• The laminae form a layer on the outside of the coffin bone and inside of the hoof wall. This describes the connection between which structures?
• Which nerve injury feature corresponds to a leg that bears no weight and knuckles onto the dorsal hoof wall?
• Identify the joints that comprise the canine elbow complex.
• Name three gait analysis findings that suggest distal limb issues.
• In addition to the hock and stifle, which joint is commonly addressed in equine hindlimb adjustments?
• The typical mechanism for cruciate ligament rupture in dogs is a sudden rotation of the stifle with the joint in what degree of flexion?
• Which condition is described by myoclonic hind limb spasms and tail raising, characteristic of spasmodic hind limb activity?
• What imaging findings would warrant referral rather than adjustment of a limb?
• Which imaging modalities commonly aid extremity evaluation?
• Shape of the hind hoof?
• Which tests assess limb joint laxity?
• Compared with carpal and tarsal adjustments, how would you describe hip adjustments in practice?
• Why should you limit force when adjusting distal joints like the fetlock or hock?
• Which abnormality is described as broken back hoof pastern angle?
• Nodding occurs on the down with which limb lameness?
• Which is the intermediate phalanx also known as?